Elastic-fluid turbine.



G. BELLU-ZZO. ELASTIG FLUID TURBINE. APPLICATION FILED MAB.18.1907.

961,067, Patented June 7, 1910.

GIUSEPPE BELLUZZO, F MILAN, ITALY.

ELns'rIclFLUID TURBINEQ Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented June 7, 1910..

Application vfiled March 18, 1907. Serial No. 363,052.

To all 'whom 'it may concern.'

siding at Milan, Kingdom of Italy, No. 1 Via Paolo Frisi, have invented new and useful Improvements in Elastic-Fluid Turbines, of which lthe following is a specication. y

This invention relates to new and useful improvements in stean turbines and more especially -to improvements in turbines of that type which form the subject of my U. S. Patent No. 814,423, granted March 6, 1906, which alternately arranged stationary steam guide members and running wheels are employed, the members and the wheels being of successively increased diame'ter, on account of the successively increased radial dimensions of their respective vanes. The inventio`n is, however, applicable to other types of partial impulse turbines.

The object of the invention is to rovide a turbine construction Aof increased e ciency and simpler structural details and accordingly the invention proposes means whereby the diameters of-the guide members and the running wheels may be comparatively reduced by reducing the comparative radialdimensions of the vanes of said members and Wheels and at the same time whereby the guide members and wheels may be preheated to a temperature' greater than that of the steam passing through them;

To accomplish this object the invention resides more particularly in disposing the wheels and their corresponding guide members in dissociated series, the angular dispositions of which vary by successive incrementsv and between which chambersare pro# vided `wherein the uid issuing from the last running wheel of one series may, by impact, be compressed before it reaches the rst running wheel of the next series. The wheels and guide members with relation to one another are of successively increased Adiameter and the vanes of the/wheels-*and` guide members of one series are of relatively greater radial dimensions than the vanes of the corresponding wheels and guide mem- `bers of a series in advance thereof but they are of materially smaller radial dimensions than would be .the case if all the vanes of the wheels and guide members were of suc cessively greater radial dimensions by proportionate increments. In other words, the

. to the axis of the turbine, an

vanes of the first guide member or of the Be 1t known thatI, GIUSEPPE BELLUzzo, l mechanical engineer, a citizen of Italy, re-

rst running wheel of one series will be of less diameter' than the vanes of the last run- 'ning wheel of the series in advance thereof although, considered as entireties, the series vary in angular disposition by successive increments. v

In the accompanying drawings Figure 1 is an axial section, Fig. 2 a partlal development, Fi 3 a partial section erpendicular d) Fig. 4 a detail of Fig. 2. v

.For the .purpose of reducing the radial dimension of the vanes or blades of the last running wheels, the disposition shown inthe drawing is applied. The steam, which aray rives from A and expands in the nozzle D1 and in the successive steam guide members II and III, discharges in a chamber B', 'escaping from the last one, of the running wheels (Il, 2, 3) mounted upon R1, viz. from the 3rd. There the speed Iof the steam, which has abandoned the wheel 3, is by impact transformed into pressure again. The steam successively expands in the guide members D2, II1, III1 which, taking up a larger angle on' the circumference than that occupied by the first series II III, allows of lowering as much as convenient the height of the running vanes as well as of the stationary ones. The walls a a'prevent the steam from escaping from the chamber B, the same with a small play being made Steam tight by graphite packing G (Figs. l, 3 and 4) (see U. S. application Serial Number 348,289). The wall b in its turn prevents the steam leaving the wheel 3 from flowing directly into the passages of the guide wheel D2 and serves to deflect the steam into the inward pocket-like portion of the chamber whereby two important functions are subserved, the one being to heat the walls of the chamber and therewith the guide members (which may be integral with or fitted into said Walls). and the y/other being toy provide for the steam backing up fin said pocket and by impact, being compressed so as to have the next series of gui e members and wheels through-Which it flows from the chamber B. The wall b also serves to prevent' the sucking action of each successive series of wheels from being directly transmitted tothe steam in the wheels of the corres onding preceding series. This assures o `the passage of the steam to the first guide pi'ibers o'f eachl roper expansion in the f series in parallel jets and without an whirling motion whereby the desired an advanta eous angles of delivery are maintained.

ith the above mentioned disposition also the advantage is obtained that the' admission steam at A contributes to kee vwarm the guide members II and III, wh e the steam at B gives up its heat to the guide members H1 and IIIll The same arrangement can also be made use of when not only one chamber B, but two, three, or more `analogous chambers are inserted between the admission and the exhaust.

If the turbine is to discharge into theatmosphere, the steam from the chamber B can. esca e through the passages S shown in dotted lines without further ex anding in the successive wheels, provide that the cover E is taken o" (Fi 1) Having now descrlbe my invention and how the same is to be carried out, what I claim is:

l. In a turbine of the type .set forth, in combination, a casing, two series of alternately arranged guide members and runnin wheels therein, the casing being provide between the series with a chamber which has an inwardly extending pocket portion and which has a baiiie wall in advance of the sance? running wheels t erein, the vanes of the wheels and members of each series varying 1n radial dimension by successive lncrementsv and the vanes of the members and the wheels of the secondseries beingof greater radial dimensions than the vanes of the correspondingly Alocated members and Wheels of the first series, the vanes of the irst member of the second series being of smaller radial dimension than the varies of the last wheel of the irst series, the casing having a chamber between the series constructed to provide for the compression therein, by impact, of the steam issuing from the first series prior to its passage to the second series.

In testimony,T whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribingwitnesses.

GIUSEPPE BELLUZZO.

Witnesses:

M. SrERsDoRFERm Jr., ENRICO VARONELLI. 

